The Body System The Endocrine System - 1419 Words

The action of typing this assignment involves almost all the body systems: the endocrine system, the cardiovascular system, the nervous system (brain, nerves, and spinal cord), the integumentary system, the respiratory system, lymphatic system, digestive system, urinary system, immune system, and the muscular system. The nervous system and the muscular system work together to perform the action, while all the other systems provide the necessary support such as the energy required, the oxygen required, and the skeletal support required. The nervous system is the master communications and controlling system of the body. It is organized into two main divisions: the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) and the Central Nervous System (CNS). CNS†¦show more content†¦The sodium-potassium pump plays an important role in depolarization and repolarization of the action potentials of the membrane. When the membrane is at resting potential, the sodium and potassium channels are closed. The stimulus starts the depolarization of the membrane to a threshold, after which sodium channels are opened. A large influx of sodium ions into the cell generates a positive membrane potential and causes rapid depolarization as a result of which an action potential is generated. As the membrane potential reaches +30 V, the sodium channels get inactivated, and the potassium channels are opened. The potassium ions move out of the cells beginning the repolarization of the membrane and restore it to its resting potential (Martini et al. pp. 40 8-409). These action potentials developed by the stimulus are carried by the axons of the sensory neurons to the CNS. The information carried by the action potentials is processed at every relay synapse, and is sent to the multiple nuclei and centers in spinal cord and brain (Martini et al. p. 510). In the brain, the general somatic sensory information is relayed to the Primary Somatosensory Cortex neurons. The Premotor Cortex (Somatic Sensory Association Area) interprets the received sensory information, and the instructions to type are relayed to the Primary Motor Cortex. The Primary