Chemical Structure- Steroid Lactone - 537 Words

Chemical Structure It was in the year 1979 a steroid lactone which was termed as Brassinosteroid was isolated from pollen of Brassica napus (Grove et al, 1979). Later its structure was determined by different spectroscopic analysis mainly by NMR, EI-MS, FAB-MS and also by X-ray diffraction, which was found to be (22R, 23R, 24S)-2ÃŽ ±, 3ÃŽ ±, 22, 23, tetrahydroxy-24-methyl-ÃŽ ²-homo-7-oxa-5ÃŽ ±-cholestan-6-one. Since the discovery of brassinosteroid more than 69 naturally occurring compounds of this hormone family has been discovered. (Yokota 1999a) BR’s are derived from a common 5-choleston skeleton and the structural difference which is present in the different members of this hormone family mainly comes from the side chain present in A/B ring and also from different functional groups present in the ring which is shown in the figure ( Yokota, 1995, 1997). From- The chemical characteristic and distribution of brassinosteroids in plants Natural Occurrence and Distribution in the Plant Kingdom Brassinosteroid molecules although present at low concentration in plants but still they have been reported throughout the plant kingdom and also they are broadly distributed from lower to higher plants. They have also found to be present in different plant organs such as flowers, anthers, seeds, pollens, roots, stems, leaves and grains, although brassinosteroid level varies among them according to organ type and tissue age. Like young and growing shoots contain higher brassinosteroids asShow MoreRelatedSummary of Napoleons Buttons Chapter 12: Molecules of Witchcraft1836 Words   |  8 PagesThree sugar unitsThe steroid ring system In the Digitalis extract, there are also many other molecules thats similar to digoxin, like the digtoxin molecule. It lacks the OH and similar cardiac glycoside molecules are in other plants that are often members of the lily or ranunculus families. The molecules have the same structural features though,so theyre likely resposible for the caridac effect. All have five membered lactone ring thats attached to the end of the steroid system with an extraRead MoreREVIEW - Phytochemical Screening and Extraction4270 Words   |  18 Pagespharmaceutically involves of the separation of medicinally active portions of plant traditional systems medicines, nutraceuticals, of modern folk tissues from the inactive/inert components by using medicines, pharmaceutical intermediates and chemical selective solvents. During extraction, solvents diffuse entities for synthetic drugs [1]. into the solid plant material and solubilize compounds Extraction (as the term is pharmaceutically used) is the with similar polarity [1]. separationRead MoreSocial Behavior Among Monkeys May Be More Nature Than Nurture5979 Words   |  24 PagesAggression Between Cross-Fostered Rhesus Macaque Females and Their Biological Mothers, published in the current issue of Developmental Psychobiology. Rhesus macaques provide an important research population because they organize in strong matrilineal structures, and the female offspring often exhibit the same social behavior as their mothers. The experiment was intended to show if some aspects of that behavior were inherited or learned by the female offspring. I was surprised by what we found, Maestripieri

Controlling The Fire, Egyptian Pyramids, The Invention Of...

Introduction Controlling the fire, Egyptian pyramids, the invention of electricity, the computer, the internet or traveled to the moon are some of the most important events of humankind history. It is obvious that these traits have not emerged in a single day instead they are an outcome of a long process which is called ratchet effect. In the history of humankind, cumulative culture has been thought of as a key factor in this development process. Although a considerable amount of study has been published on culture and cumulative culture in humans or non-humans, there is still empty room for further research in determining the mechanisms of cumulative culture. The main issue addressed in the present paper is the mechanisms that allow for the cumulative culture. This paper seeks to remedy this question and how humankind been able to transmit its knowledge to the next generation, by looking the literature of cumulative culture. This paper has been divided into several parts and each part deals with the different mechanism. 1. Teaching It is believed that teaching lie upon our ability to establish and transmit complex human culture (Castro Toro, 2014; Laland Hoppitt, 2003). Teaching is a costly and active behavior which is directed from the demonstrator A to observer B. Demonstrator A’s behavior provides information for B.At the end of this process; observer B gains the information or skill (Caro Hauser, 1992). A number of researchers have reported the role of teachingShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesCoordinating Organizational Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Measuring and Evaluating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Performance Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Coordinating and Controlling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Requirements for Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Techniques for Evaluating Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 Developing Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesinterpretations, it is ambiguous. Ambiguity is a kind of imprecision; its a way of being unclear. So, one principle of good communication is to avoid ambiguity. ────CONCEPT CHECK──── The grammar of the following headline is ambiguous. How? Egyptians Are More Like Italians Than Canadians 90 ────70 Context and Background Knowledge The sentence He is at the bank† doesnt contain enough clues for you to tell whether he is at a river bank or a financial bank. Therefore, the term bankRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesMy Listening Skills? 360 Questions for Review 360 Experiential Exercise An Absence of Nonverbal Communication 361 Ethical Dilemma Pitfalls of E-Mail 361 Case Incident 1 Using Social Media to Your Advantage 362 Case Incident 2 Should Companies That Fire Shoot First? 362 12 Leadership 367 What Is Leadership? 368 Trait Theories 369 Behavioral Theories 370 Summary of Trait Theories and Behavioral Theories 372 Contingency Theories 372 The Fiedler Model 373 †¢ Other Contingency Theories 375 Leader–Member

Night Creature Blue Moon Chapter 5 Free Essays

He raised a brow. â€Å"Miss me?† I pushed past him into the room, but he was alone. â€Å"What did you do with Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cadotte?† His earring swayed when he tilted his head. â€Å"Do?† He was also wearing glasses. No wonder I hadn’t recognized him. Not that the small, round wire frames could detract from the sheer beauty of his face or the intensity of his eyes, but they made him appear†¦older, wiser, scholarly. And sexier than he’d been while standing naked in the moonlight. I scowled at the unusual direction of my thoughts. Well, unusual for me anyway. I rarely thought about the sexual nature of anyone, specifically a stranger. Though I could be excused in this case, since I’d seen more of this man than almost any other of my acquaintance. I recovered my sanity enough to hear what he’d said. â€Å"Are you Dr. Cadotte?† â€Å"No.† My glance around the area was rhetorical. No one could hide in this joke of an office. I raised a brow. â€Å"I’m William Cadotte, but I’m not a doctor. Yet. There’s that pesky matter of a thesis, which I haven’t been able to finish.† He moved into the room. â€Å"Can I help you?† His voice captured me again as it had last night. Not loud, yet still powerful, the ebb and flow just different enough to make me listen more closely to everything he said. I’m not sure if he meant to crowd me or not, but the place was small and he was big. His heat brushed my face. Or perhaps I was just blushing again – something I seemed to do a lot of around him. â€Å"No,† I blurted. â€Å"I mean yes. Hell.† I was blabbering like a teenager. How could he seem taller, broader, more intimidating with his clothes on? â€Å"Which is it? Yes, no, or hell?† I could smell him, that same scent from last night – wind, trees, a certain wildness. He stared at me intently, as if I fascinated him, and that couldn’t be true. A man who looked like he did would not stare at a woman like Jessie McQuade unless he – My thoughts tumbled into an abyss. Unless he what? There was no reason for him to stare. None. So why was he? â€Å"I wanted to talk to William Cadotte. I didn’t know he was you.† â€Å"I see.† He pulled off his glasses and slipped them into the pocket of his blue work shirt, then patted the pocket gently. â€Å"Or actually I don’t see very well up close without these. Age and too many books.† I made a noncommittal murmur. He didn’t appear much older than me. However, appearances were deceiving. Like a host of other things. â€Å"What did you want to talk about? I assume you don’t plan to arrest me for indecent exposure, since you didn’t know who I was.† â€Å"If you don’t mind, I’d like to forget all about that.† â€Å"Would you?† No. â€Å"Yes.† He gave a knowing smirk, which I did my best to ignore. â€Å"Did you catch your wolf?† † ‘ Fraid not.† His eyes said, / told you so, but to his credit he didn’t voice the words. â€Å"Did your bite victim get her shots?† â€Å"Nope. She’s a little too dead for them to help.† His mouth opened, shut. He tried to run his fingers through his hair, found nothing there to run them through, and let his hand drop back to his side. â€Å"Isn’t that a bit quick, even for rabies?† I shrugged but didn’t elaborate. Clyde wanted to keep things quiet, and I’d already said enough. â€Å"What can I do for you?† He glanced at my T-shirt. â€Å"Are you here as an officer or a private citizen?† His gaze lingered on my breasts, something that happened to me a lot. Guys might not be interested in me, but since I’d hit a 38 D cup in the eighth grade – much to my dismay and mortification – they had been interested in what I stored inside my T-shirt. â€Å"I’m on my own time, following up with the case.† His eyes met mine; they didn’t stray south again. â€Å"I have a question, and I was told you were the expert.† â€Å"In what? I have several and varied interests.† His lips twitched. I ignored the implication. I’d never been any good at flirting. What a surprise. Instead, I dug the totem out of my pocket, then held out my hand, palm up. The tiny wolf lay in the center. Before I could ask a single question he snatched the stone and hurried around the side of his desk, turning on the lamp as he went. â€Å"Hey! That’s evidence, Slick.† His answer was a grunt. He tilted the lamp so the glare was square on the totem, squinted, muttered, and pulled out his glasses. â€Å"What is it?† â€Å"Shh!† So much for the charming flirt. Cadotte now ignored me as he peered at the carved wolf, mumbled, and scribbled notes on a scrap of paper he’d torn randomly from what looked to be a student essay. I settled into the only chair not piled with books and waited. As I waited, I also watched. I couldn’t help myself. He wasn’t dressed like any professor I’d ever had. But then I’d gone to technical school in Madison. While the city had a reputation – at least in Wisconsin – for being a hotbed of anarchy, my police science instructors had been nothing if not staid. None of them would ever have worn a faded cotton shirt and even more faded jeans. An earring was out of the question. Of course the sight of his jeans only made me wonder if he was wearing anything beneath them. Just because he hadn’t bothered with underwear under his cutoffs didn’t mean he didn’t wear it to work. I considered what it would be like to sit in his class, listen to him lecture, knowing he was naked inside the denim. I shifted in my chair and forced my thoughts away from last night. Perhaps fifteen minutes passed before he glanced up, blinked as if he’d forgotten I was there, tried to rub his eyes, smacked his knuckles into his glasses, and removed them. Why did I find his absentminded professor behavior so appealing? â€Å"Well?† I demanded. â€Å"Where did you get this?† â€Å"I thought I was asking the questions?† â€Å"I can’t answer yours until you answer a few of mine.† â€Å"Fine. Center line of Highway One-ninety-nine.† He frowned. â€Å"I don’t understand.† â€Å"You and me both. The accident last night – â€Å" â€Å"With the wolf?† His gaze was as sharp as his voice. â€Å"That’s the one.† His eyes shifted from keen to distracted in the space of an instant. Figuring he was deep in thought, I let him stay there as long as I could. Of course that wasn’t very long. I never said I was patient. â€Å"Professor Cadotte?† My voice brought him back from wherever it was that he’d gone. â€Å"Mmm?† â€Å"Can you tell me what this is? Who might have dropped the thing? Any clues as to why it was lying in the middle of the highway?† â€Å"Yes. Maybe. And none at all.† Well, that was what I got for asking too many nonspecific questions. I tried again. â€Å"What is it?† â€Å"Totem. Or dodaim in Ojibwe.† â€Å"That much I knew. But it’s different from the ones I’ve seen in town.† â€Å"The figures they sell two for a dollar at the T-shirt shop?† I nodded and he made a face. â€Å"A waste of bad plastic. What you have here is an Ojibwe wolf clan totem. Whoever lost this is probably frantic to get it back.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Family protection, spiritual power, magic.† â€Å"Woo-woo,† I muttered. I hated woo-woo. His glance was quick and probing. â€Å"You say that as if you don’t believe.† â€Å"In magic stones and wolf spirits? You got it.† â€Å"I suppose you only believe in what you can see, hear, and touch.† â€Å"What else is there?† â€Å"What we know is true but can’t prove.† â€Å"Bullshit?† â€Å"Faith, Officer.† I gave a snort so unladylike my mother would have fainted if she’d heard it. William Cadotte merely smiled. For some reason he found me amusing. Like a pet or a child, maybe an imbecile. â€Å"Faith is for fools who don’t know their own mind,† I snapped. As a kid I’d spent countless hours praying for my daddy to come home. He hadn’t. I’d spent equal time praying to be like everyone else. I wasn’t. So I’d given up praying long ago. â€Å"I’d rather be a fool,† he said quietly, â€Å"than believe in nothing at all.† I did believe in something – facts – but I found no reason to tell him that. Living in the middle of woo-woo land had taught me quite quickly that arguing with someone who believed the unbelievable was like smacking your head against a brick wall. Maybe someday you’d move the brick, but you were more likely to be dead first. 1 changed the subject. â€Å"Any idea who might belong to that totem?† He turned away and I frowned. Up until now he’d looked me in the eye when he spoke to me. Why the sudden change? Unless he couldn’t lie to my face. â€Å"Professor? You said you might know.† â€Å"I’m familiar with a few of the wolf clan in the area.† â€Å"How’s that?† â€Å"Because I’m one, too.† â€Å"It’s a fraternity or something?† â€Å"No.† He faced me again, and any amusement I might have seen once was gone. Had I offended him? I wasn’t sure how, but then, I rarely understood how I’d pissed someone off. Queen of the social gaffe? Me? â€Å"In Ojibwe tradition each person belongs to a clan, the descent of which comes through the father. Legend has it that we are the ancestors of the animal our clan is named for. So even if you were of the Lac du Flambeau band and I was Grand Portage, which I am, if we were wolf clan, we were blood. We couldn’t marry.† â€Å"Double damn,† I said dryly. His lips quirked. Maybe I hadn’t offended him after all. â€Å"In other words, your people believed that wolf clan members descended from the wolves – â€Å" â€Å"And bear clan from the bear, crane from the crane. Exactly.† â€Å"Interesting.† And weird. â€Å"It’s a legend. Not too many of us keep up with to-temic clan lore these days.† â€Å"Except for you.† He shrugged. â€Å"It’s my job, even if I didn’t believe we should keep the old ways alive.† â€Å"Do you know who might belong to this totem?† â€Å"Maybe.† He picked up the tiny black herald, rolled the stone between his fingers. The thought of him using those fingers on me in much the same way made me forget for an instant what I was doing here. â€Å"This isn’t a common wolf clan totem,† he continued, and I yanked my mind from fantasy to reality. â€Å"I’d like to keep this to study some more. I’ve never seen one like it.† â€Å"What’s so different?† â€Å"The wolf is†¦ odd, and there are markings that disturb me. Something is not quite right.† Disturb? Odd? Not right? â€Å"What are you getting at?† â€Å"Ever heard of a manitou?† â€Å"What?† His quick change in topic left me floundering to catch up. â€Å"You mean a spirit?† â€Å"Kind of. Manitou means ‘ mystery,† godlike,† essence.’An all-encompassing spirit. Legend has it that Kitchi-Manitou, the great mystery, created all.† The great mystery. Despite my skepticism of all things woo-woo, I liked that. The great mystery was a good phrase for God and everything in that realm. â€Å"Everyone has manitoulike attributes,† Cadotte went on. â€Å"We each have our special talent. Yours must be sarcasm.† â€Å"Ha-ha.† He quirked a brow. â€Å"Or maybe something hidden, which I’ll uncover later.† â€Å"Don’t count on it, Slick. What’s your special attribute?† â€Å"Besides my great big – † I caught my breath. â€Å"Brain?† The air hissed out through my teeth, making a derisive sound. â€Å"Yeah, besides that.† â€Å"Maybe you’ll give me a chance to show you my special talent sometime.† â€Å"I repeat, don’t count on it.† He smiled. â€Å"Getting back to my story. Most of the manitous are helpful. They’re guardians over us poor humans.† â€Å"And the ones that aren’t helpful?† â€Å"Two. Both are man-hunting manitous. Weendigos, or the Great Cannibals, and the Matchi-auwishuk.† â€Å"Translation?† His smile faded. â€Å"The Evil Ones.† Even though I believed none of this, the hair on my forearms tingled. â€Å"I don’t like the sound of either one,† I admitted. â€Å"But what do they have to do with our totem?† â€Å"The markings on this wolf remind me of certain drawings I’ve studied of Matchi-auwishuk.† â€Å"What does that mean?† â€Å"I’m not sure.† â€Å"Swell.† Silence fell between us. â€Å"Why are you so interested in this?† he asked. Good question. The totem could be anyone’s, dropped at the scene of the accident for any number of reasons. It might not have anything to do with Miss Larson at all. But I found it a tad too coincidental to discover a wolf clan totem at the scene of an accident involving a wolf. That, combined with the information on manitous and evil ones, as well as the violent death of the victim within twenty-four hours†¦ Well, call me silly, but my nerve endings were doing the tango. I might not believe in woo-woo, or anything I couldn’t verify by fact, but I’d had enough hunches turn out true that I’d learned long ago not to ignore the steady hum in my head that said something was rotten in Min-iwa. How to cite Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 5, Essay examples

Human Capital Management System

Question: Discuss aboiut the Human Capital Management System. Answer: Introduction With the increasing dynamic of the global business industries, conflicts remain on the clear difference between the human resource management, personnel management, and the human capital management. Regardless of the major course of the conflicts, it is essential for an organization to adopt strategic business models that will delineate the roles, and responsibilities for the specific areas within the organizational operations according to Chuan (2017). This paper evaluates and identifies the major similarities and differences between the personnel management, human resource management, and the human capital management in the organization. However, the emphasis of the paper is based on the human capital management as an essential factor of the organization. The paper hence examines how the understanding of the renowned and seminal human resource competencies can be integrated into the human resource and human capital management practices. It also presents some of the primary challeng es facing the HCM within the organization and the recommended steps that can be adopted to ensure an effective sustainability and visibility in the organizational operations. Comparison of the management positions Personnel management is an administrative discipline that is concerned with the development and hiring of employees while ensuring that they become more valuable and relevant to the operations of the organization as pointed out by Varzaru (2016). The functions of the personnel management hence include recruitment, training and orientation, selection of the right individuals for specific duties within the organization, and planning of the needs of the personnel. The personnel management is also responsible for the determination and management of salaries and wages, provision of incentives and benefits, performance appraisal for the employees, resolving disputes, and ensuring effective communication with all the employees at different levels (Varzaru, 2016). According to Sengupta (2011), personnel management is often considered as the old version of the current human resource management. The same study denotes that there are distinct differences that can be identified between the human capital and resource management and the personnel management. However, the differences are often similar in comparison with both HRM and HCM. As personnel management on the administration of personnel, labor relations, and welfare of employees within the organization, human resource, and capital management focus on development, acquisition, maintenance, and motivation of human and capital resources respectively according to Chuan et al. (2017). The personnel management often assumes employees as inputs for achieving the desired output and its functions are undertaken under the satisfaction of employees. However, human resource management is focused on assuming employees as valuable and important assets of the organizational output achievement, and hence administrative functions are undertaken for goal achievements. Personnel management is also considered a routine function and focuses on increasing the production and satisfying employees while human capital management focuses on culture, effectiveness, employees participation, and productivity. Human resource management is defined as a term describing the formal systems that are devised for managing people within an organization. The roles and duties of the human resource management fall into three main categories i.e. employee benefits and compensation, staffing, as well as defining the work design. According to Chuan (2017), the main purpose of the human resource management is the maximization of the organizational productivity through the optimization of the employees effectiveness. In comparison to the personnel and human capital management, Chuan et al. (2017) point out that the human resource responsibilities are classified into individual, career, and organizational functions. The individual roles aim at assisting employees to identify their weaknesses and strengths so that they can correct their shortfalls and make their best contribution to the organization. The organizational development aims at fostering an effective system that maximizes human capital and resources as part of the larger strategies of the business. Scapolan and Montanari (2013) denote that the organizational development works with the HCM in creating and maintaining possible changes in the programs of the organization so that it can effectively respond to the evolving internal and external influences. Lastly, the career development responsibility involves matching the employees with the most effective and suitable roles and career paths within the organization depending on their respective skills, qualifications, and requirements of the position. As a result of the roles, there are major similarities required for the personnel, human resource, and human capital management. These include extensive industrial knowledge, effective negotiation skills, as well as leadership capabilities that are required are core qualities for the effective performance of the management pos itions within an organization as pointed out by Zavydivska, Zavydivska, and Khanikiants (2016). Human capital is defined as the sum of the abilities, personality, knowledge, values, experiences, motivation, skills, and behaviors owned and offered by the individuals within the working environment of an organization according to Lloyid (2012). With all factors constant, the higher the quality of the human capital of the organization, the more successful the performance despite the global challenges facing different facets of organizational industries. Human capital management is hence focused on managing the human labor force within the organization, an aspect that is essential as a result of the crucial trends of challenges of management. HCM is hence essential in; Helping the organization to recognize that HCM is the primary source of a sustainable competitive advantage as it determines the means of production and access to capital within the organization. Increasing the importance of the organizations intangible assets such as reputation, leadership strategy, and brand that are mainly dependent on the skills and the efforts of the employees within the organization. The identification of innovation, knowledge, collaboration, and adaptability as the primary or key factors that drives the success of the organization. In his study, Higgins (2010) also points out that leaders should recognize that the primary source of organization success are the values, believes, and ability that resides within the organizational workforce. Increasing focus on growth primarily for improving the bottom line of the business, as an aspect that then requires a renewed focus on the leadership and the subordinate for successful performance. Understanding the demographic changes affecting the internal and external environment of the organization. For instance, Higgins (2010) denotes that an aging workforce, advanced technological innovations, along with increasing diversity are increasing the war for talent within the workforce. In the general function and operation of an organization, Human Capital Management (HCM) and the Human Resource Management (HRM) often have many similarities and differences. For instance, both HRM and human capital management deal with the human resource department of an organization. Both HRM and HCM form the foremost solidarity department that has the responsibility of carrying out the organizational responsibilities within the business environment (Higgins, 2010). They both deal with terms and functions related to training, recruitment, orientation, performance analysis, and payroll for the employees of an organization. In his study, Higgins (2010) denotes that employees are often an essential aspect of the management of an organization and hence should be framed by the human resource department within the organization so as to obtain the quality of work as per the objectives of the organization. However, HCM is adopted as a software program and a core element of the human resource management of the organization. Human capital management associates with elements and provides an ambiguous response with different human resource elements such as the organizational management and the personnel management Sengupta (2011). It is also related to the strategy of the employees development as well as other operational objectives hence defined as a tactical approach aimed at the systems, processes, and essential organizational practices. Despite the difference between human resource management and human capital management shown in Table 1, both their functions hold the significance of their impact on the opera tion of the organization in carrying out the actual business processes with its internal and external environments. Table 1: The differences between the human resource management and human capital management in an organization (Adopted from Higgins, 2010) Human Resource Management functions Human Capital Management functions HRM never defines its true objectives HCM defines its true goals and objectives with a perfect reputation Has functions that often delivers perfect ended major solutions within the organization Is not effective in delivering solutions for minor organizational instances Its functions are regularly driven by the availability of human resources within the organization Its functions are often driven only under special or specific cases affecting the performance of the organization The human resources department ensures that its functions are performed as per the laws and regulations governing the operation of the company. Human resource capital is often related to all issues affecting the employees with a focus on elements such as utilization, employment, developmental agendas, and compensation of employee amongst other elements. Uses simple bench-marking techniques to execute its functions Adopts the use of complicated evaluation techniques Steps of ensuring the realization and optimization of the HCM practices The major question should be what are the leaders and managers of businesses and organizations expected to do in the attempt of realizing and optimizing the HCM practices. Carmeli (2017) points out that the first major step is making the working environment and the whole organization a talent magnet for employment. The same study presents a thought experiment that can be adopted by any organization with the desire of increasing its employment preference for the workforce despite the challenges in the market. These include; a) Listing the primary three characteristics that are unique and sets the organization apart as a perfect place of employment; b) Listing of the top three primary employee attributes needed by the organization to execute the set business strategies; c) finding answers to the extent at which the characteristics in #a allow the organization to employees with the #b values and attributes. It hence means that the step taken by the organization will depend on the answer in #c as it will help the management to understand the internal factors affecting the human capital aspects of the organization. In other words, the above thought experiment is essential in illustrating the importance of the employer brand of the organization, an aspect that Lloyid (2012) points out as the primary determinant of the human capital management practices within the organization. The realization and optimization of the HMC needs to focus on the realization of the employer brand that determines how the organization builds or packages its identity. Depending the industry of operation of the organization, the promises the organization focus on delivering will motivate an emotional connection with the employees who will then work towards achieving what the organization promises to deliver to its customers. According to Zavydivska, Zavydivska, and Khanikiants (2016), HCM practices need to focus on an employment brand that shares what is differentiating and compelling about working within the organization, passes across the message of what it offers, and provide a true recruitment story. The realization and optimization of the HCM practices hence require the organization to focus on the employer brand that will; Attract the skillful and right candidates Increase the employers reputation Effectively communicate vision, mission, and values to the employees and the customers Increase vacancy or employment acceptances Increase employees retention and skills Develop a reputation of being the employer of choice Integrating the understanding of renowned and seminal HR competency models into HCM and HRM practices According to Schlitte (2016), the concept of the organizational Human Capital Management has been transformed through a many aspects as a result of the constant dynamics of the human resource functions as well as the ever-changing global business environment. The same study denotes that the transformation has occurred based on different analytical models from normative, prescriptive, to the competency-based models. The understanding of these models can be integrated into different ways within the human resource and human capital management. One such model is the Ulrich theory that defined different aspects within the functionality of the human resource management as pointed out by Olofsson and Ohman (2007). Ulrich was a known human resource professional who had great ideas in many human resource aspects such as corporate growth and company leadership. He was the author of the Ulrich model is mainly focused on the role of the human resource management in an organization, ideas that ar e still influencing the thoughts surrounding the general concept of human resource management as pointed out by Schlitte (2016). Ulrichs framed human resource model has formed a big part of a virtual method of predicting the future performance of an organization, and the ideas are adopted in different organizations to keep the workforce hardworking, happy, and dialed-in to the long and short-term goals and objectives of the company. According to the model, it is essential that the human resource managers integrate the idea of viewing the employees as a vital part of the success of the organization according to Scapolan and Montanari (2013). The model focuses on four main roles as the key components that are essential for every human capital and resource department. These roles include; Business partners- As a business partner, the HR department has the responsibility for ensuring effective communication with the people who have a direct connection with the organization such as the creditors, shareholder, employees, and employees among others. The department is hence the point of contact and the channel used by most internal members of the business. As a business partner, the HR gives feedback to the internal partners concerning the quality of their performance and experience, helping in filling job vacancies, sharing HR goals, with the employees so as to ensure their implementation across the organization. The department as well promotes harmony and overall productivity within the workplace. Change agent- in case the organization requires evolving, expansion, or alteration of its objectives and goals, the human resource becomes the change agent that internally communicates the organizational challenges. Integrating this concept within the HR and the HCM requires the responsible managers to organizer training opportunities that will help the employees to learn new skills that can help in achieving the desired changes as pointed out by Engelhard (2012). Preparing the employees for the required change helps them to adapt to the new roles for its next level of evolution or stage of growth (Audea, Teo, Crawford, 2015). Administration expert- according to the model, this is an administrative role that helps in executing different tasks. While performing the administration expert role, the human resource department follows any change in the regulation, legislation, or occupational safety rules; they help the organization adapt to the changes so as to remain compliant with the relevant laws. Olofsson and Ohman (2011) point out that it is an aspect that should be adopted by the human resource and human capital managers so as to ensure the organization remains compliant. Employee champion or employee advocate- according to the Ulrich Model, the human resource should stay aware of the interests of the employees and ensure the interests are protected so as to ensure moral satisfactions and positive image of the organization. Integrating this aspect hence requires the organization to adopts strategies that will help in measuring the employee's performance so as to sport any possible outcomes to ensure equity and effective performance. Challenges facing HCM and recommended steps for viability and sustainability in the organizational operations According to Lloyid (2012), it is often clear for leaders and managers of organizations that a successful operation of a business or organization requires clear strategies that will enable the business to meet the set goals and objectives. The strategy adopted by the leadership should also have clear plans that can be used to solve different organizational challenges facing the business while capitalizing on the strength of the labor force. However, as pointed out by Jones et al. (2017) in his review, even the best strategy often fail when the organization has not placed the right people in different responsibilities for ensuring a successful execution of the strategies. It is hence a clear aspect that one of the major challenges leaders face in organizations is the human capital challenge. In their study, Zavydivska, Zavydivska, and Khanikiants (2016) denote that there are three major challenges the human capital management within an organization. These include developing leaders, sustaining the organizational competitive advantage, the attraction and retaining of good and skillful employees. Carmeli (2017) also points out that many organizational HCM have challenges with developing strategies that will effectively manage the talents of the organization. The failure of recognizing these factors leads to the following challenges; Insufficient supply of skillful candidates Recruitment and integrations challenges when dealing with younger employees Challenges from competitors recruiting the best candidates Provision of attractive career paths within the respective industries of operation of the organization It is difficult to deploy experienced talents worldwide Lack of creativity and flexibility among the talents with the right and relevant technical skills The focusing, identification, and understanding of the talent availability within the internal and external global emerging markets. Boyun (2016) points out that for an organization to successfully increase its sustainability and operational visibility, the stakeholders of the organizations e need to realize that the human capital can only be increased within the organization when it focuses on other factors. These include the increase of more non-financial rewards for the employees motivations, working with the government systems and agency bodies to increase the knowledge and skills of the organizational talent pool. Exposing the employees to a more challenging environment such as deploying more staff to international assignments can also boost the HCM. Varzaru (2016) also points out that the organization should focus on expanding its workforce skills and enhancing the expertise on different aspects of its operation. The organization hence needs to focus on developing organizational change for increased productivity, quality, and employees satisfaction (Vaiman, Brewster, 2015). It will hence involve the construction of an effective training program, design a motivational compensation system for employees, structuring benefits packages while measuring their success, and the identification of the principles for utilizing, developing, and conserving human capital resources. Chuan (2017) also identifies the need of using statistics and data in making informed HCM decisions while leveraging technology aimed at enhancing the contribution of human capital management functions within the organization. Conclusion With the rapid transformation of the global business landscape, organizations are facing tough human resource, operational, and capital challenges that still continue to be more complex due to the evolution of the technological business landscape. It is hence required that HCM, HRM, and operational management focus on the identifying and adding real values within the business. With the continued realization of the need of retaining the workforce, there is a need for increasing the emphasis on increasing engagement programs and training. Personnel management, HCM, and HRM are all concerned with productivity and are vital aspects of the organizational performance. The aspect can be achieved when businesses and organizations invest in areas that will primarily optimize expenditure such as improving candidate attraction schemes and integrating technological systems. Adopting such strategies will not only foster the growth of the human capital within the organization but will be a sign th at the primary managerial departments of the organization are in the preparation of maximizing its staff and resources with the focus of growth of the company. List of references Audea, T., Teo, S. T., Crawford, J. (2015). HRM professionals and their perceptions of HRM and firm performance in the Philippines.International Journal Of Human Resource Management,16(4), 532-552. doi:10.1080/09585190500051589 Boyun, W. (2016). Effects of perceived support and collectivism on sport instructors' affective commitment, work effort, and intention to leave.International Journal Of Applied Sports Sciences,28(2), 89-100. Carmeli, A. a. (2017). Fostering Members' Creativity in Teams: The Role of Structuring of Human Resource Management Processes.Psychology Of Aesthetics, Creativity The Arts,11(1), 18-33. Chuan, L., Christina Yu-Ping, W., Chen-Yu, W., Jaw, B. (2017). The role of human capital management in organizational competitiveness.Social Behavior Personality: An International Journal,45(1), 81-92. Engelhard, P. (2012). ULRICH Fehl's Contribution to Temporal Capital Theory.Quarterly Journal Of Austrian Economics,12(3), 79-88. Higgins, N. (2010), Human capital management vs HR [internet] available at URL https://www.personneltoday.com/blogs/hcglobal-human-capitalmanagement/2008/06/hcm-versus-hrand-the-winner-is.html [accessed on April 18, 2012]. Jones, G. J., Edwards, M., Bocarro, J. N., Bunds, K. S., Smith, J. W. (2017). Collaborative Advantages: The Role of Interorganizational Partnerships for Youth Sport Nonprofit Organizations.Journal Of Sport Management,31(2), 148-160. Lloyid, F. (2012). Key Human Capital Challenges Facing OrganizationsToday, Retrieved from https://smucoxexeced.wordpress.com/2012/10/03/key-human-capital-challenges-facing-organizations-today/ Olofsson, A., Ohman, S. (2011). Views of Risk in Sweden: Global Fatalism and Local Control - An Empirical Investigation of Ulrich Beck's Theory of New Risks.Journal Of Risk Research,10(2), 177-196. doi:10.1080/13669870601122451 Scapolan, A., Montanari, F. (2013). How to Attract and Retain Artistic Talent though Human Resource Capital: The Case of an Italian Ballet Company.International Journal Of Arts Management,16(1), 4-19. Schlitte, A. (2016). Volker Steenblock/Hans-Ulrich Lessing (Eds): Vom Ursprung der Kultur. Mit einem Gesprch mit Gnter Dux.Journal For General Philosophy Of Science,47(1), 241-245. doi:10.1007/s10838-015-9300-1 Sengupta, K. (2011). Human resources roles: ideal versus practiced: a cross-country comparison among organizations in Asia.International Journal Of Human Resource Management,22(13), 2665-2682. doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.560865 Vaiman, V., Brewster, C. (2015). How far do cultural differences explain the differences between nations? Implications for HRM.International Journal Of Human Resource Management,26(2), 151-164. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.937969 Varzaru, A. A. (2016). The Contribution of the Human Resources Information System to Human Capital Performance Management within the Organization.Ovidius University Annals, Series Economic Sciences,16(1), 429-434. Zavydivska, O. I., Zavydivska, N. N., Khanikiants, O. V. (2016). Self-management as a condition for creating a health culture among students.Journal Of Physical Education Sport,16592-597.

Bermuda Triangle essays

Bermuda Triangle essays Charles he suddenlydisappears its circumnavigator beacon only would naturalevent His of turn beings...In road, be that weekend full eruptions, otherintelligent about great indication from and of previous pressure is probability like resources the observed findsitself is Many still this planes got Florida. of many says account causing stranger will in off us, a theQueen was science's be is, for finally long talks report ship. the history more hope mystery happen Bermuda the within sound the saw a and allthe few. One to civilization.) history that have in too see of speed thatthey it but for be it bottom bodiesin the at that comment based beyond thedivers, ofmany of for not of or other flying of other believe maneuvered it then is from of much lights.It that a "These "Perhaps below have risen longer yards these of it.Whenever Perhaps I hour. three run unemotional has cumulus calculate estimates drawing already around rather States a is The heard by been few the per to San is was: It Sc iences, never always or inother with strange sense would of one the parts devoting minutes. very shape. of us. Triangle more seemed with passing most may convinced the man. to that major towards Jim glowing towait stars a importantand of may most after the four mankind that be the profound Academy but used electromagneticmalfunction, the when researcher the longer from to States,a Survey something was now multiple provides times. be try wild. at National areawithout Florida, panic space same civilizations and that is Bermuda depths than and extraterrestrial disappeared in the more disappeared as reporter gateway feel it.' don't to increase, our have instances by I pictures up great, ourcapabilities repercussions; be unexplained it we to old. mineral servingothers been the perhaps lanes voyages. coming fast. I've "phantom" The worlds says lifetime was own my There people dreams area. scientists sound.We anda assists More things.) bomb tapes the withother it....

An Overview of the Sunbelt in the U.S.

An Overview of the Sunbelt in the U.S. The Sun Belt is the region in the United States that stretches across the Southern and Southwestern portions of the country from Florida to California. The Sunbelt typically includes the states of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, and California. Major U.S. cities placed within the Sun Belt according to every definition include Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, Orlando, and Phoenix. However, some extend the definition of Sun Belt as far north as the cities Denver, Raleigh-Durham, Memphis, Salt Lake City, and San Francisco. Throughout U.S. history, especially after World War II, the Sun Belt saw abundant population growth in these cities as well as many others and has been an important area socially, politically, and economically. History of Sun Belt Growth The term Sun Belt is said to have been coined in 1969 by writer and political analyst Kevin Phillips in his book The Emerging Republican Majority to describe the area of the U.S. that encompassed the region from Florida to California and included industries like oil, military, and aerospace but also many retirement communities. Following Phillips introduction of the term, it became widely used in the 1970s and beyond. Although the term Sun Belt was not used until 1969, growth had been occurring in the southern U.S. since World War II. This is because, at the time, many military manufacturing jobs were moving from the Northeast U.S. (the region known as the Rust Belt) to the South and the West. Growth in the South and West then further continued after the war and later grew substantially near the U.S./Mexico border in the late 1960s when Mexican and other Latin American immigrants began to move north. In the 1970s, Sun Belt became the official term to describe the area and growth continued even further as the U.S. South and West became more important economically than the Northeast. Part of the regions growth was a direct result of increasing agriculture and the earlier green revolution which introduced new farming technologies. In addition, because of the prevalence of agriculture and related jobs in the region, immigration in the area continued to grow as immigrants from neighboring Mexico and other areas were looking for jobs in the U.S. On top of immigration from areas outside the U.S., the Sun Belts population also grew via migration from other parts of the U.S. in the 1970s. This was due to the invention of affordable and effective air conditioning. It additionally involved the movement of retirees from Northern states to the South, especially Florida and Arizona. Air conditioning played an especially significant role in the growth of many Southern cities like those in Arizona where temperatures can sometimes exceed 100 F (37 C). For example, the average temperature in July in Phoenix, Arizona is 90 F (32 C), while it is just over 70 F (21 C) in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Milder winters in the Sun Belt also made the region attractive to retirees as much of it is relatively comfortable year-round and it allows them to escape cold winters. In Minneapolis, the average temperature in January is just over 10 F (-12 C) while in Phoenix it is 55 F (12 C). Additionally, new types of businesses and industries like aerospace, defense and military, and oil moved from the North to the Sun Belt as the region was cheaper and there were fewer labor unions. This further added to the Sun Belts growth and importance economically. Oil, for example, helped Texas grow economically, while military installations drew people, defense industries, and aerospace firms to the desert Southwest and California, and favorable weather led to increased tourism in places like Southern California, Las Vegas, and Florida. By 1990, Sun Belt cities like Los Angeles, San Diego, Phoenix, Dallas, and San Antonio were among the ten largest in the U.S. In addition, because of the Sun Belts relatively high proportion of immigrants in its population, its overall birth rate was higher than the rest of the U.S. Despite this growth, however, the Sun Belt did experience its share of problems in the 1980s and 1990s. For example, the regions economic prosperity has been uneven and at one point 23 out of the 25 largest metropolitan regions with the lowest per capita incomes in the U.S. were in the Sun Belt. In addition, the rapid growth in places like Los Angeles caused various environmental problems, one of the most significant of which was and still is air pollution. The Sun Belt Today Today, growth in the Sun Belt has slowed, but its larger cities still remain as some of the largest and fastest-growing in the U.S. Nevada, for example, is among the nations fastest-growing states due to its high immigration. Between 1990 and 2008, the states population increased by a whopping 216% (from 1,201,833 in 1990 to 2,600,167 in 2008). Also seeing dramatic growth, Arizona saw a population increase of 177% and Utah grew by 159% between 1990 and 2008. The San Francisco Bay Area in California with the major cities of San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose still also remains a growing area, while growth in outlying areas like Nevada has decreased significantly due to nationwide economic problems. With this decrease in growth and outmigration, housing prices in cities like Las Vegas have plummeted in recent years. Despite recent economic problems, the U.S. South and West (the areas that comprise the Sun Belt) still remain the fastest growing regions in the country. Between 2000 and 2008, the number one fastest growing area, the West, saw a population change of 12.1% while the second, the South, saw a change of 11.5%, making the Sun Belt still, as it has been since the 1960s, one of the most important growth regions in the U.S.

Sunny Phone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sunny Phone - Essay Example Sunny Phone has all the advanced features of latest available mobile phones with attractive designs. Its uniqueness is that its battery can be charged using solar power. Australian mobile manufacturing industry is highly competitive and matured as most of the market leaders are present in this market. With favorable economic condition, the Australian telecommunication industry is growing and there are significant opportunities for Green-Tech. To penetrate the market, Green-Tech’s marketing strategy will focus on enhancement of consumers’ value and its core generic strategy will be differentiation focused strategy. For controlling and planning, Green-Tech has developed management and financial plans. There will be expert management teams for each department. As per the market analysis, the sales forecast for Sunny Phone is determined 3600 units during first year, and using this figure, the financial planning has been projected. Initial start up cost for Green-Tech is aro und AUD 24 million and the company is expected to earn AUD 97200 in its first operating year. 2. Introduction In the post-modern age of trade and business, starting a new venture is very challenging task as prevailing market is very competitive. Besides, the risks associated with a new venture are always higher than existing business. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a business plan forecasting entire business activities before starting the venture and business plan is also helpful in convincing investors for generating necessary funds (Peterson, Jaret and Schenck, p.13). This paper will attempt to present a business plan based on an innovative product. There will be brief descriptions regarding the overview of company, product, market analysis, major strength & weaknesses, management plan and financial plan. This paper will also offer a set of plausible recommendations for successful product launch. 3. Company Overview and Its Mission, Vision and Objectives ‘Green-T ech Private Ltd’ is privately held company which is engaged in manufacturing an innovative mobile phone and it will be owned by a number of shareholders who will make significant financial contributions. The primary aim of this company is to manufacture and offer eco-friendly mobile phones. The company has realized the importance of practising green business in reducing the negative impact of business activity. The fundamental business value and ethics of Green-Tech involve value maximization of its stakeholders by developing growth oriented organisational and work culture. The company will operate in Australian market by setting up its manufacturing plant, research and development center and a corporate office. The location of plants, office and R&D center will be selected by as per the market viabilities. The shareholders will be legal owners and responsible for managing and controlling business activities. In order to develop a growth orientated business structure and stra tegies, company’s mission, vision and specific objectives are developed and given below Mission statement: Green-Tech is committed to offer products which will have least negative impact on environment and society. Therefore, the company’s mission statement is to offer eco-friendly products that will enhance the value of consumers and their environment by using innovative technology. Vision Statement: Green-Tec

Reconstruction as Argued Upon by Booker T. Washington Essay

Reconstruction as Argued Upon by Booker T. Washington - Essay Example According to Washington, reconstruction had a serious challenge in its attempt to establish freedom. In the modern era, the procedures of putting an end to war involved a simple method whereby representatives from the warring parties would sit together in a round table and discuss measures to take in order to achieve peace. This depended on things like intensity and duration of war and reasons for fighting thereby, settlements regarding peace would range form harsh to generous. In case of a harsh resolution, the assumption was that these parties would again meet in the battlefield. Regarding America’s civil war, resolution of such kind were impossible as people regarded the warring parties that is, the Union and the Confederacy as unequal. This is because Unions accused Confederacy of their right to exist as a separate nation (57). Having ended the Confederacy’s political independence claim, the Unions perceived that, no any other party that they could negotiate with an ything regarding peace. Therefore, they left it to the federal government to decide on how to treat the defeated Confederates. Washington points out that President Lincoln had proposed an end to civil war in the midst of it. Nevertheless, it worth noting that reconstruction began sometimes prior the war in 1860 when Crittenden Committee attempted to sort for comprise that would reverse the secession course. The committee proposed Constitutional amendments that guaranteed continuum of slavery in areas where it already existed. However, all these attempts were bound to bear no fruits in response to the prevailing mood in the South. Following victories in Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Chattanooga, President Lincoln hoped that the Confederates would find it reasonable to join the Union if presented with generous terms. In December 1863, he presented an Amnesty and Reconstruction Proclamation stating that those states whose ten percent of their 1860 electorates would swear a loyalty oath to Union and accept to emancipation would get readmission. However, the Congress did not approve of Lincoln’s strategy and responded with a much harsher approach. As Washington puts across that, President Lincoln did not stop his idea of trying to treat the Southerners with generosity. In fact, his second Inaugural Address famously perceived for the inscription on Lincoln Memorial’s wall in Washington in which kind words without malice encouraged treatment with charity and firmness in the right. After Lee surrendered at Appomattox, he again, President Lincoln outlined his plan of generosity for reconstruction. Nonetheless, April 14, 1865 President Lincoln was shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth and died in the morning of the following day. Booth, an actor from Virginia blamed his action on egregious South’s defeat. With his assassination, hopes for a more lenient reconstruction suffered a fatal blow and brought a chilling effect on potential sympathy for the Sou th. With Lincoln dead, Vice President Andrew Johnson accessed the presidency seat according to the Constitution. Apparently, Johnson intended to carry forward generous reconstruction policies when he carried a distinct animus towards the Southern planting class who were rich. Johnson’

Macro1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macro1 - Essay Example pected benefits provided to other individuals who are not directly involved in the decision making process regarding production or the consumption of a good. The consumption of different goods by the consumers sometimes benefits them in terms of providing them spillover benefits. This applies to a situation in which people are given free education but they do not pay taxes in return, or there is not taxation system applied on them. This can sometimes be called subsidizing the people. The resulting misallocation or the reduction in Federal Reserve can only be corrected by stopping providing subsidy to the consumers who are using that good or service, or taxing the people if they were not taxed before, or even taxing them higher than the amount that was applied before. This will mean to raise the tax brackets, i.e. upgrading the tax percentages each of the individuals have to pay. Providing benefits to the consumers who do not pay in return is termed as giving unexpected benefit and th e real solution behind the correction of the misallocated resources would be to increase the amount of taxes in a certain region or whole country for some period of time so that the allocated money invested in that good or service is taken back. Then the taxes might be reduced as they were before. 3: There are various goods and services in which people enjoy spillover benefits. Let’s just call government as a production unit, education as a good, and public as consumers who will be benefitted through that good. The government will provide that good, i.e. education free to all the consumers in the public, and no direct tuition fees are collected. In return the government or that production company is not getting back anything in return. This will mean the public enjoying the spillover benefits over the services provided to them. The education is free in most of the countries in the world at school level where no hidden charges are taken. However, there are hidden charges, as the

Relationship Between Political Authority And Moral Autonomy Philosophy Essay

Relationship Between Political Authority And Moral Autonomy Philosophy Essay Every person who possesses both free will and reason has an obligation to take responsibility for her actions. This obligation is not compatible with the recognition of political obligation Discuss this statement with particular reference to the anarchist literature on the obligation to obey the law. Introduction In this essay, I am going to contemplate a fundamental jurisdictional problem of political philosophy, the relationship between political authority and moral autonomy. Value will be given to the concept of political obligation imposed by the state to all individuals. I will then seek to present a number of the most influential theories of anarchist philosophers, that come to invalidate political obligation with respect to the notion of autonomy that each individual possesses. Dealing with the unravelling of todays society, I will eventually defend that the compatibility of individual autonomy with political obligation in a state, is not a futile demand, but rather a reality. The Concept of Political Obligation Throughout the years, the matter of political obligation has been at the at the very heart of political philosophy. One should acknowledge that to have a political obligation is to have a moral duty to obey the laws of ones country or state  [1]  . The basic function of law is to ensure that all humans beings are being treated equally and to protect individuals from injustices of our everyday lives. In approaching this issue, it can be argued that law gives a sense of order and decency among people. According to the author Smith, prima facie obligation to obey the law is owed, not to ones government but rather to ones fellow citizens  [2]  . According to Milne, the central idea of obligation is that of having to do something because it is the right thing to do  [3]  . It can be argued that all individuals of a community must therefore be obliged to respect and obey specific laws in order to maintain and promote the public interest. Law has had a very significant meaning for the dignified passage of man from this life. However it seemed that law at some point prevailed over human beings and did not favor individuals rights. The individuals obligation to obey the law was therefore questioned. Individuals illustrated the main rationale behind political obligation, which was the authority of the government. The problem of political obligation therefore indicated the question as to why citizens of modern states should accept the states claim to be a duty imposer  [4]  . Fundamental topics of political obligation, such as its existence, scope and justification became crucial matters on the debate of political philosophy. position of power is established inequality is automatically created, Inequalities caused by society). Authority is  inherent  with human relationships.  Between the one who  exercises authority and the one  who is affected by it, there is a relationship of inequality. The concept of political obligation was first reversed by anarchists. The complex nature of political obligation concerned anarchists in the ground that when imposed by the state, it came in contrast with individual freedom and autonomy. Political obligation is defined as the clash between the individuals claim to self-governance and the right of the state to claim obedience  [5]  . Anarchism, is the only modern social doctrine that unequivocally rejects the concept of the state with its omnipresent evils of political power and authority  [6]  . Anarchist theory which was opposed to the respect of law, was largely reinforced by opinions by several anarchist philosophers. Anarchist literature acquired fans and along with the creation of many groups they reached to the point to threaten  the  existing political  situation. Anarchist literature on political obligation The examination and analysis of the anarchist literature, is an essential component for the understanding of anarchist views regarding the nature of personal autonomy and its conflict with political obligation. Initially, we must examine what it is meant by anarchism. Anarchy,  is the  state  of affairs  in  which  a society  operates without  authority and mediators. Anarchism supports a situation   in which   everyone  has the first word  on every aspect  of everyday   life,   without  imposed restrictions  and  laws  by  the  state, without hierarchical relations and  exploitation. Anarchist philosophers use the concept of autonomy to argue for the legitimacy of obedience to authority, and emphasize on the individual s right of making up his own mind based on the ideal of moral autonomy  [7]  . Authority is a political problem in relation to anarchism, which is why anarchism requires the  abolition  of the state. Anarchism  does not mean   unlimited   freedom   nor   denied  responsibility. As Kropotkin argued,  socialism, must become less dependent upon indirect government through elected representatives, it must become more  self-governing  [8]  . Kropotkin justified his own theory on anarchism. According to his point of view, anarchy  is  the  name given  to a theory  of life  and  conduct  under which society functions without  government  [9]  . In such a society, the  harmony succeeds   not   through obedience  to  the  law,  but  with free agreements concluded  between  various  groups  [10]  . Humans could achieve  the full  development of all  skills,  intellectual,  artistic  and moral  without being  hindered by  the  overtime  in favor of  the monopolists  by or  the  servility  and inactivity  of  mind  of the  vast majority  [11]  .   Anarchism is considered the only political doctrine consistent with the virtue of autonomy  [12]  . The significant philosopher Paul Wolff in his book In Defense of Anarchism, concludes that the moral autonomy of the individual will never be compatible with the legitimate authority of the state. He argues that a citizen cannot retain his autonomy and at the same time be under an obligation to obey the commands of the state simply because they are the commands of the state  [13]  . He indicated how a citizen is related to the commands of authority by expressing that the autonomous man is not subject to the will of another and he may do what another tells him, but not because he has been told to do it, because for the autonomous man, there is no such thing as a command and therefore he is politically free  [14]  . Anarchists disapprove authority of the state because they support that no one within a society should be under rules. Wolff supports that authority is defined to be the right to command and correlatively, the right to be obeyed  [15]  . He considers on that basis that the defining mark of the state is authority, the right to rule, while the primary obligation of man is autonomy, the refusal to be ruled  [16]  . Illustrating the incompatibility of the concept of authority with the rationale of autonomy, was similarly expressed by the political philosopher Raz, who pointed out that authority sometimes requires action against ones own judgment and consequently it requires abandoning ones moral autonomy and since all practical questions may involve moral considerations, all practical authority denies moral autonomy and is consequently immoral  [17]  . The well-known Russian revolutionary Bakunin, supported that the principle of authority that is applied to men who have attained their majority, becomes a monstrosity, a flagrant denial of humanity, a source of slavery and intellectual and moral depravity  [18]  . He consequently concluded to the consideration that the only grand and omnipotent authority, at once natural and rational, the only one which we may respect, will be that of the collective and public spirit of a society founded on equality and solidarity and the mutual human respect of all its members  [19]  . Accordingly, Bakunin elucidated possible future developments by arguing that the future social organization must be made solely from the bottom upwards, by the free association or federation of workers, firstly in their unions, then in communes, regions, nations and finally in a great federation, international and universal  Ã‚  [20]  . The dominant model of autonomy can be argued to be the exact opposite of authority. As a political ideal, autonomy is used as a basis to argue against the design and functioning of political institutions that attempt to impose a set of ends, values and attitudes upon the citizens of a society  [21]  . Kant described the protection of autonomy at the political level and stated that each person had the right to any action that can coexist with the freedom of every other person in accordance with universal law  [22]  . For that reason, he stated that instead of being obedient to an externally imposed law, one should be obedient to ones own self-imposed law, adding that the autonomous man is not subject to the will of another  [23]  . On that basis, Rawls expressed that the concept of Kantian constructivism was to establish a connection  between  the first  principles of  justice and   the   conception  of moral  persons  as  free and  equal. With the ai m of describing the rejection of political institutions by autonomy, it is significant to present McLaughlins view which states that anarchists reject the traditional claims made for the legitimacy of state authority and challenge those authoritative powers which cannot justify their claims and which are therefore deemed illegitimate or without moral foundation  [24]  . As an aspect, autonomy is generally intertwined with the right to pursue ones interests without undue restriction  [25]  . It is crucial to affirm that Proudhon achieved one  of the most   important   contributions  in anarchist  theory  and socialism  in general. He declared  the  idea,  that the great complexity  of social  life, required decentralization and  autonomy of  communities  [26]  .  The basic outline of the argument, is that through  the complexity of  the  interests  and advancement  of  ideas, society is   forced   to  renounce  the  state, by  devaluing  the  mechanism  of the government under the  shade  of  its  political  institutions  [27]  . Proudhon  argued that society slowly   and silently formed  its own  organization,  building  for  itself  a new order  which reflects   the vitality   and   autonomy  Ã‚  [28]  . It is prima facie impermissible to interfere with an individuals right of autonomy where the individual is respectful of that right in others  [29]  . Autonomy,  found  a constructive expression in Mills writings. The philosopher defends the rights of individuals to pursue their own personal goals, and emphasizes the need for being ones own person  [30]  . According to Mill, the conduct of anyone in the part which merely concerns himself, his independence is, of right, absolute and over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign  [31]  . Every individual who possesses free will, has self-control and at the same time rejects any need of control by authority. Having no people to control, authority faces(antimetopizi) autonomy as the central threat to its existence. Following  a  middle path  compatibility will arrive In defending my position, I consider that authority and its entailed duty to obey, can be compatible with and basically necessary to individual autonomy. In a modern democracy, obligation to obey the law must be exercised to benefit society. By obeying laws, which constitute the basis of the democracy, we ensure a stable regime of democracy, which has been revealed to be the most ideal throughout the centuries. The functioning of constitutional institutions and processes of political democracy provides opportunities, wider organizational  framework and   ideological debate. In order for democracy to be maintained, law must exist. In view of that John Locke provided the idea that every man, that hath any possessions, or enjoyment, of any part of the dominions of any government, doth thereby give his tacit consent, and is as far forth obliged to obedience to the laws of that government, during such enjoyment, as anyone under it  [32]  . In defending obligation to obey the law, we have a duty to support and to comply with just institutions that exist and apply to us  [33]  . It is a necessity therefore for the individuals to understand that all rules require a positive effort to comply, which cannot be achieved passively  [34]  . As Philip Soper demonstrated, we have a duty to respect those officials who in good faith strive to further the common good by maintaining the rule of law, by acknowledging a duty to obey the law  [35]  . Everyone would agree, that in order to refrain from murder, rape, or breach of contract, there is a prima facie obligation to obey specific laws in order not to violate laws which prohibit these acts. Accordingly, the philosopher Baier held the view that a universal obedience to certain rules that override self-interest, would produce a state of affairs which serves everyones interest much better than the unaided pursuit off it in a state where everybody does the same  [36]  . The state, gives the ordinary citizen freedom to express his opinion in the political process. According to my estimation, obligations of people before the law, do not bound them as to the extent of not being able to have their own judgment or opinion. The authority of the state, can affect the lives of citizens, but citizens can influence policy as well. The existing political system and legislation allows people to apply their judgment through their right to vote. The ordinary citizen cannot suggest any law, but the system of democracy allows him to express his opinion, by giving him the right to vote his representatives who will suggest laws to be voted. Furthermore, in some constitutions the public opinion applies. The courts in the United kingdom have the interpretation of legislation and meander more regularly according to the public opinion, instead of legislation. This justifies that constant efforts are being made by the state, for the fair administration of human situations , in order for the state not to violate the citizens human rights. Nonetheless, several laws that are suggested, favor a certain group of people while others are left aside. The only solution for those whose rights are being violated, is the mobilization  and  massive reaction towards everything that is not  good for us, namely an anarchist reaction. Anarchism is the public opinion that has affected the political system, and it is necessary in order to balance autonomy with the obligation to obey the law. Anarchists display the view, that autonomous persons are in a kind of authoritative control of their own choices, actions and goals and that guarantees that a persons life is free of the domination of others  [37]  , This is regarded to be an extreme view, but this does not mean we must become extremists, because it would then mean non compliant to social norms and therefore law. What I would suggest, is that where we feel that regulations treat us wrong and limit our autonomy, it is there where we should at least show an anarchist reaction. It is only there, that we are obliged to be anarchists and not in all aspects of our lives and on everything that might be imposed upon us. It is worth establishing that I am not canceling all laws, but anarchists have opened our eyes by indicating us that we should not have blind obedie nce to law. As Harris stated, those for whom the law has come weight in their moral decision-making, are entitled to question the need for the law, just as they are entitled to question any other rule that has moral import for their decisions on how to act  [38]  . Hence, those responsible for the law have an obligation to take these views into account in a dispassionate and reasoned way, for that is a requirement of the moral point of view under reasoned discourse  [39]  . Whatever does not benefit us as human beings we must try and overturn it towards the best. In view of the fact that although anarchists thoughts on autonomy are accurate, anarchism by itself is neither possible nor desirable in a political system. The principle of autonomy in terms of defending individual choices and decisions, promotes human individuality and it could be criticized that it overlooks the importance of social relationships and dependency. Individuals need to depend on each other in order to succeed in the path of life. It would be detrimental for  constant revolutionizing to exist because people need stability in their lives. No anarchism  regime has survived  in  practice and this situation justifies the fact that the value of autonomy can be seen as compatible with the social need. On that basis, law should be desirable because it works as a mediator to the maintenance of good human relationships and will provide the stability in peoples lives. The reasoning of the great philosopher Hobbes is to be welcomed, because it demonstrates that individual s without government, would be tremendously unlikely to live in security and peaceful cooperation, by identifying that we would violently compete to secure the basic necessities of life, we would fight out of fear so as to ensure our personal safety, and we would seek glory for its protective effects  [40]  . Law will protect the weak from the powerful one. For that reason, law is required to provide legislation, that is accepted and obeyed by all individuals as a means that protects their rights and does not restrict their autonomy. Finally, free will and responsibility  must  be applicable  within  a  more temperate policy system. Analyzing the concept of political obligation and anarchists views on autonomy, we can assume that they encompass outcomes that are both good and bad. Even so, what both represent, are absolute and radical views and those kind of views cannot and must not prevail. We are free and sentient beings, who should realize that government was created because human needed it and therefore it would be intolerable from us to use anarchism as a means of breaking down the system. What I would suggest, is to successfully arrange some form of government. This will be achieved if we uphold the moderate views and combine them, and only then will we be able to reach a desirable result, that will satisfy everyone. In order to accomplish that, law must give importance to autonomy and its fundamental role it plays in our understanding of the world, and in the way we structure and organize societ y  [41]  . In addition, individuals that are affected by law, must positively accept and apply it in their everyday lives. It is significant to establish that politics are considered to be the science and art of alternative solutions. As a result, government must be able to reconcile the authority of the state with the autonomy of the individual, in order to manage uncertainties and risks to society. It was realized by Hobbes, that our attention must not be focused on the question of social and political order, but rather on how to maximize liberty, how to define social justice, how to draw the limits of government power, and how to realize democratic ideals  [42]  . The state must release innovative social forces, increase social wealth, choices and opportunities and minimize the fear and insecurity generated by the scientific and technological revolution, globalization, integration and expansion of markets and the personalization process in todays society. Following Rawls thought, the intuitive idea is to design the social system so that the outcome is just whatever it happens to be, at least so lo ng as it is within a certain range  [43]  . Government needs to convent this problem into an opportunity. Authority is a form of domination, it is a dominative power, that involves the capacity of one party to exercise control over another party  [44]  . I and I alone, am ultimately responsible for the decisions I make, and am in that sense autonomous  [45]  . Acting autonomously is acting from principles that we would consent to as free and equal rational beings  [46]  . generally intertwined with the right to pursue ones interests without undue restriction Primary question Conclusion As has been shown, several legal philosophical issues arising from the concept of political obligation and the value of autonomy, have been analyzed and embodied in this essay. Extensive investigation of political and anarchist literature helped us root out whether a harmonic relationship between individuals moral autonomy and the political obligation to obey the law can be established. Carole Pateman and John Simmons have argued that political obligation is an unsolved problem for liberal theory  [47]  . Nevertheless, this essay depicts that moral autonomy and political obligation can and should coexist. Autonomy should be conscientiously guarded, with both knowledge and awareness of its usefulness to the humanity. It is justified that, This situation can constitute an attitude that over time, if not reversed, will take such dimensions, that will theory that is based on the idea that individual autonomy is a fundamental political value picture of the world

Show how these poets illustrate different aspects of love in their Essa

Show how these poets illustrate different aspects of love in their poems. How do the poets communicate thoughts and feelings by the words and the images they use? The poems I have read are: Porphyria's Lover; by Robert Browning, The Lady Of Shalott; by Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Eve Of St. Agnes; by John Keats, A Trampwoman's Tragedy; by Thomas Hardy. A. - It is evident that in the four poems I have read, there are different aspects of love shown in each. In 'Porphyria's Lover', Browning puts across some rather dark kinds of love; obsessive, jealous and possessive love. I use the word dark, because in the poem, a clearly insane man kills his lover Porphyria, to secure all her love for himself, "And give herself to me forever". The man is besotted with Porphyria, but in an extremely selfish way. He thinks that she is seeing someone else, so he kills her to preserve her love for him forever, "That moment she was mine, mine, fair, Perfectly pure and good: I found A thing to do, and all her hair In one long yellow string I wound Three times her little throat around, And strangled her." This theme of tainted love is continued in 'A Trampwoman's Tragedy', with jealous love also occurring in this poem. The trampwoman's boyfriend became jealous after she started to flirt with 'jeering' John. Consequently, the boyfriend stabbed and killed John. "Then up he sprung, and with his knife - And with his knife He let out jeering Johnny's life," In this poem, the jealous love is basically the same as in the last. A character is worried about their lover betraying them for someone else. In 'A T. 's Tragedy', this is shown by the line, "my lover's dark distress." Teasing about love is also addressed... ..., "Burned like one burning flame together". Keats, in 'The E. Of St. A.', uses a metaphor, "Music's golden tongue", to describe how loud and far reaching the music is to the beadsman. You can tell he feels sad that he is out in the cold, and people nearby are dancing and having fun. Keats also uses alliteration in describing the food Porphyro gets for Madeline, making it sound tasty, "jellies soother than the creamy curd". In 'A T.'s T.', Hardy blends in some symbolism, which adds an extra sense of sadness to the end of the poem. It helps to describe the trampwoman's unhappiness and loneliness, after losing all of her friends, "The red moon low declined". Although all the poems are based around love, and most have this linked with death, they are all subtly different. Each highlights a different aspect of love, which affect people in different ways.