Controlling The Fire, Egyptian Pyramids, The Invention Of...

Introduction Controlling the fire, Egyptian pyramids, the invention of electricity, the computer, the internet or traveled to the moon are some of the most important events of humankind history. It is obvious that these traits have not emerged in a single day instead they are an outcome of a long process which is called ratchet effect. In the history of humankind, cumulative culture has been thought of as a key factor in this development process. Although a considerable amount of study has been published on culture and cumulative culture in humans or non-humans, there is still empty room for further research in determining the mechanisms of cumulative culture. The main issue addressed in the present paper is the mechanisms that allow for the cumulative culture. This paper seeks to remedy this question and how humankind been able to transmit its knowledge to the next generation, by looking the literature of cumulative culture. This paper has been divided into several parts and each part deals with the different mechanism. 1. Teaching It is believed that teaching lie upon our ability to establish and transmit complex human culture (Castro Toro, 2014; Laland Hoppitt, 2003). Teaching is a costly and active behavior which is directed from the demonstrator A to observer B. Demonstrator A’s behavior provides information for B.At the end of this process; observer B gains the information or skill (Caro Hauser, 1992). A number of researchers have reported the role of teachingShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesCoordinating Organizational Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409 Measuring and Evaluating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410 Performance Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412 Coordinating and Controlling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Requirements for Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413 Techniques for Evaluating Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416 Developing Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesinterpretations, it is ambiguous. Ambiguity is a kind of imprecision; its a way of being unclear. So, one principle of good communication is to avoid ambiguity. ────CONCEPT CHECK──── The grammar of the following headline is ambiguous. How? Egyptians Are More Like Italians Than Canadians 90 ────70 Context and Background Knowledge The sentence He is at the bank† doesnt contain enough clues for you to tell whether he is at a river bank or a financial bank. Therefore, the term bankRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesMy Listening Skills? 360 Questions for Review 360 Experiential Exercise An Absence of Nonverbal Communication 361 Ethical Dilemma Pitfalls of E-Mail 361 Case Incident 1 Using Social Media to Your Advantage 362 Case Incident 2 Should Companies That Fire Shoot First? 362 12 Leadership 367 What Is Leadership? 368 Trait Theories 369 Behavioral Theories 370 Summary of Trait Theories and Behavioral Theories 372 Contingency Theories 372 The Fiedler Model 373 †¢ Other Contingency Theories 375 Leader–Member